Diagram of structure principle of automobile suspension system
TIME：2019/7/15 11:22:24HITS：222
Textbook of Structural Principle Diagram of Automotive Suspension System
What is a suspension system?
Comfort is one of the most important performance of a car. Comfort is related to the inherent vibration characteristics of the body, and the inherent vibration characteristics of the body are related to the characteristics of the suspension. Therefore, vehicle suspension is an important component to ensure ride comfort. At the same time, vehicle suspension is an important component to ensure the safety of vehicle driving as a force transmission device connecting the frame (or body) and axle (or wheel). Therefore, automobile suspension is often listed as an important part in the technical specifications of the car, as one of the indicators to measure the quality of the car.
If the car frame (or body) is directly mounted on the bridge (or wheel), the goods and people will feel very uncomfortable because of the uneven road and ground impact, which is due to the lack of suspension device. Vehicle suspension is the general name of the elastic coupling device between the frame (or body) and axle (or wheel). Its function is to elastically connect the axle and frame (or body) to ease the impact on the vehicle during driving. Ensuring the intact goods and comfortable personnel; attenuating the vibration introduced by the elastic system to maintain a stable posture and improve the handling stability; at the same time, the suspension system bears the transmission of vertical reactions, longitudinal reactions (traction and braking force) and lateral reactions, and the torque caused by these forces acts on the frame.（ In order to ensure the smooth running of the car, and when the wheels jump relative to the frame, especially when steering, the wheel trajectory must meet certain requirements, so the suspension also plays a guiding role in making the wheels jump relative to the body according to a certain trajectory.
Whether the selection of suspension structure and performance parameters is reasonable or not directly affects vehicle ride comfort, handling stability and comfort. So the suspension system is one of the most important assemblies in modern automobiles.
The general suspension is composed of elastic elements, guiding mechanism, shock absorber and transverse stabilizing rod. Elastic elements are used to withstand and transmit vertical loads to mitigate the impact on the body caused by road roughness. Elastic components include leaf springs, coil springs, torsion bar springs, hydro-pneumatic springs, air springs and rubber springs. The shock absorber is used to attenuate the vibration caused by the elastic system. The types of shock absorber are cylindrical shock absorber, new type shock absorber with adjustable resistance and inflatable shock absorber. The steering mechanism is used to transfer the force and moment between the wheel and the body, while keeping the wheel running relative to the body according to a certain trajectory. Usually, the steering mechanism is composed of swing arm rods. There are single or multi-link types. When leaf spring is used as an elastic element, no guide mechanism can be set up, and it itself plays a guiding role. In some cars and buses, in order to prevent excessive lateral tilt of the body under steering and other conditions, a lateral stabilizer rod is added to the suspension system in order to improve the lateral stiffness, make the car have insufficient steering characteristics, and improve the handling stability and ride comfort of the car.
