What are the differences between several suspension systems commonly used in household cars?
TIME：2019/7/15 11:23:24HITS：269
Nowadays, most consumers prefer comfort when they buy cars. The most critical factor affecting comfort is the suspension of vehicles. As a mechanism connecting wheels and body, automobile suspension plays a supporting and shock-absorbing role on the body. Often listen to sales talk about independent suspension, non-independent suspension, many consumers do not understand, what the hell is it?
Independent suspension: refers to the front and rear four wheels separately linked to the car body through independent suspension device, that is to say, each wheel can jump up and down independently, without direct impact on each other.
Non-independent suspension: A suspension type commonly used for rear wheels of automobiles. It means that the left and right wheels can not jump up and down independently and interact with each other through a rigid link of an axle.
Nowadays, the front wheels of household cars are independent suspensions. The rear suspensions of middle and high-end cars are generally independent suspensions. The rear wheels of low-end cars or cars are usually independent suspensions. Let's look at the common suspension systems. What are their characteristics?
McPherson independent suspension:
McPherson suspension belongs to independent suspension, mainly composed of coil spring and shock absorber. The front suspension of most models today is McPherson suspension. Although McPherson suspension technology is not high, but it is a durable independent suspension, with strong road adaptability.
Advantages: It has good comfort and manipulation, small size, light weight, low cost and simple structure.
Disadvantage: When encountering rough road surface or lateral force, the direction is easy to swing automatically, the anti-roll ability is poor, and the brake nod is obvious.
Double-arm independent suspension:
Dual-fork-arm independent suspension is also a kind of front suspension system for cars, which is generally used in high-end vehicles. The double-arm suspension has two swing arms, which can accurately locate various parameters of the front wheel. The lateral force is absorbed by the two swing arms, and the shock absorber only bears the upper and lower forces.
Advantages: good front wheel grip, large lateral stiffness, strong anti-roll ability.
Disadvantages: high cost, complex parameter setting, late maintenance and four-wheel positioning are more troublesome.
Torsional beam semi-independent suspension:
The torsion beam semi-independent suspension is generally used in the rear suspension system of small cars or low-end vehicles. The left and right wheels are connected by a large torsion beam to control the up and down of the left and right wheels to keep the balance of the vehicle. The towed arm semi-independent suspension is similar to its structure, but the fixed position of the beam is different and the adjustment is somewhat different.
Advantages: simple structure, low cost, small occupancy space, high vehicle stability.
Disadvantages: slightly poor comfort, poor anti-roll ability, poor load-bearing performance.
Multi-link independent suspension:
Multi-link independent suspension is divided into front suspension and rear suspension. According to the number of three-link, four-link, five-link and so on, it is widely used in high-end vehicles. Because there are many connecting rods, the wheel and ground can be kept as vertical as possible, and the tire can be maintained to the maximum ground affinity.
Advantages: comfort, maneuverability, stability is very good, lateral migration rate is small, easy to adjust.
Disadvantage: High manufacturing cost, complex structure and large volume.
In addition, there are spring-plate type independent suspension, which is generally used in vans, trucks and trucks. It has strong load-carrying capacity, but its comfort is poor, so it is not suitable for family cars.
In addition, there are air suspensions. Air suspension replaces the traditional spring with air bag. Air pump injects and releases air into air bag to adjust the hardness of the suspension. It can also make the chassis rise or decrease. It is the most comfortable and practical suspension. Because of the high cost, it is generally used in high-end cars, such as Mercedes-Benz S, Land Rover Range Rover, Porsche Cayenne and other models.
Summary: The suspension system used by vehicles determines their attributes. It affects not only the type of suspension, but also the adjustment of the chassis. When buying a car, it is recommended that you try it yourself and feel it well in all kinds of road conditions so as to know which suspension is more suitable for you.
